How is the development of hydraulic transmission?

The hydraulic power transmission system has the advantages of large power density ratio, large output force, and easy realization of linear motion, so it is widely used in industrial hydraulics and engineering machinery and other fields. Since the Frenchman B.Pascal proposed the basic law of static liquid pressure transmission in 1648, it has been developed for nearly four centuries.

 

In the 20th century, the rapid development of control theory and engineering practice provided theoretical foundation and technical support for the progress of electro-hydraulic control engineering. With the continuous advancement of microelectronics technology, the integration of microprocessors, electronic power amplifiers, sensors and hydraulic control units has formed a mechanical-electronic-hydraulic integrated product, which not only improves the static and dynamic control accuracy of the system, but also improves The degree of intelligence, reliability and robustness of the system improves the system's ability to adapt to changes in load, environment and itself.

 

In the 21st century, with the increase in human and energy costs, the requirements for modernization and intelligence of industrial production, manufacturing and processing are getting higher and higher. However, the cost of hydrostatic drive transmission components is much higher than that of mechanical transmission components. According to statistics, the cost of hydraulic transmission components is as high as 40~80 pounds/kg, while the average cost of mechanical transmission components is only 15 pounds/kg.

 

Another fatal weakness of existing hydraulic components is low efficiency. Although some hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors can achieve efficiencies of over 97%, the utilization efficiency on the load side is not high, and a large amount of energy is consumed by throttling or overflow. In the excavator system, even 80% of the energy dissipation is in the hydraulic power transmission system.

 

Cruel market competition and realistic demands indicate that if the hydrostatic drive transmission wants to survive, it must develop and promote more efficient and lower-cost hydraulic components and hydraulic systems.

 

Therefore, in the field of industry and research, researchers have proposed new research directions such as electro-hydraulic flow matching systems, load port independent control systems, secondary adjustment systems, hybrid power systems, hydraulic transformers, and new hydraulic pumps and valves.

 

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As the most important control element in the hydraulic system, hydraulic ball valve is responsible for realizing the control function of the entire system. It is the most sensitive element and often the most expensive hydraulic element. The application of technologies such as numerical simulation, dynamic response analysis, linear or non-linear modeling has made great progress in the design method and manufacturing technology of hydraulic valves.

 

The emergence of digital valves is the most typical representative of the development of hydraulic valve technology, which greatly improves the flexibility of control, directly interface with the computer, without D/A conversion components. The digital valve has low cost, low power consumption, and is not sensitive to oil.

 

At present, there are several mainstream views on the definition of digital hydraulic pressure at home and abroad.

 

Matti Linjiama of Tampere University of Technology has devoted himself to the research of digital hydraulic components for many years. He believes that “Digital fluid power means hydraulic and pneumatic systems having discrete-valued component(s) actively controlling system output”.

 

Domestic scholars began to study digital hydraulic components and systems in the 1980s. Some researchers believe that digital hydraulic technology directly digitizes hydraulic terminal actuators, and achieves reliability by receiving pulse signals from a digital controller and a computer. The working hydraulic technology returns control to electricity, while digital power amplification is left to hydraulics.

 

From the above mainstream viewpoints, the digital valve can be classified into a narrow digital valve (the view of Tampere University of Technology) and a broad digital valve. Accordingly, hydraulic components with the characteristics of fluid flow discretization or control signal discretization are called digital hydraulic components, and hydraulic systems with the characteristics of digital hydraulic components are called digital hydraulic system.